ütemjelzés

Ütemjelzés is a Hungarian term that translates to "tempo marking" in English and refers to the indications used in musical notation to specify the speed or pace of a piece of music. These markings are crucial for performers to interpret the composer's intended character and emotional expression of the work.

Tempo markings can be expressed in several ways. The most common method involves using Italian terms, which have become an international standard. Examples include *Adagio* (slow and stately), *Andante* (walking pace), *Moderato* (moderate), *Allegro* (fast and lively), and *Presto* (very fast). These terms often provide a general guideline for the speed, allowing for some flexibility in interpretation.

Another method of indicating tempo is through metronome markings. This system uses a number followed by a quarter note symbol (e.g., $\text{♩} = 120$). This precisely specifies the number of beats per minute (BPM) that should be played. A metronome marking provides a very specific and unambiguous tempo, leaving little room for subjective interpretation.

Tempo markings can also be modified or qualified. Terms like *molto* (very), *poco* (a little), *non troppo* (not too much), or *ma non allegro* (but not fast) are often appended to Italian tempo terms to refine the desired speed. Additionally, changes in tempo within a piece are indicated by terms such as *accelerando* (gradually getting faster), *ritardando* or *rallentando* (gradually getting slower), and *a tempo* (returning to the original tempo). Ütemjelzés, therefore, encompasses both the initial tempo setting and any subsequent modifications throughout a musical composition.