éthologie
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behavior, usually with a focus on natural conditions, and viewing behavior as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. The formal study of ethology began in the 1930s with the work of Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. Ethologists study animal behavior in relation to their environment and typically focus on behaviors such as mating, fighting, feeding, and social interactions.
A key concept in ethology is the idea of fixed action patterns, which are innate, unlearned behavioral
Ethological research often involves direct observation of animals in their natural habitats, as well as controlled