érzéksejtek

Érzéksejtek, also known as sensory cells or receptor cells, are specialized cells that detect stimuli from the external or internal environment. These cells are the first step in the process of sensory perception, converting physical or chemical stimuli into electrical signals that can be transmitted to the nervous system. Different types of érzéksejtek are responsible for detecting specific senses. For example, photoreceptor cells in the eyes detect light, allowing for vision. Mechanoreceptor cells in the skin and ears detect mechanical pressure and vibrations, enabling touch and hearing. Chemoreceptor cells in the nose and tongue detect chemical compounds, mediating smell and taste. Thermoreceptor cells sense temperature changes, and nociceptors detect painful stimuli.

When an appropriate stimulus interacts with an érzéksejt, it triggers a change in the cell's membrane potential. This change, known as a receptor potential, can lead to the generation of an action potential if it reaches a certain threshold. These electrical signals are then transmitted along nerve pathways to the central nervous system, specifically to areas of the brain responsible for processing that particular sense. The brain then interprets these signals, allowing us to experience the world around us. The sensitivity and specificity of érzéksejtek are crucial for accurate sensory information processing. Damage or dysfunction of these cells can lead to various sensory impairments.