ásamtðu

Asamtðu is a term that appears in Old Norse literature, most notably in the Poetic Edda. Its precise meaning and grammatical function have been the subject of scholarly discussion. Generally, it is understood to be a form of the second-person singular pronoun, similar to "you" or "thou" in English. However, it often carries a more emphatic or accusatory tone, implying "you yourself" or "even you."

The word is composed of the pronoun *es* (an older form of *þú* or "you") and the particle *-amtðu*. This particle is thought to be related to other Old Norse emphatic particles, adding a layer of emphasis or distinction to the pronoun. Its usage can vary depending on the context of the poem or saga in which it appears.

Scholars have analyzed its occurrence in Eddic poetry to understand nuances of Old Norse speech and social interaction. The presence of such specific emphatic forms suggests a sophisticated understanding of how to convey subtle shades of meaning. While the exact etymological breakdown is debated, the general consensus is that ásamtðu served to highlight the individual being addressed, often in situations where their direct involvement or responsibility was being emphasized. Its rarity in surviving texts makes each instance a valuable clue for linguists and literary historians.