Übertragungsverhältnis

Übertragungsverhältnis is a German term that translates to "transmission ratio" or "turn ratio" in English. It is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and mechanical engineering, describing the relationship between the input and output quantities of a system.

In electrical engineering, particularly concerning transformers, the Übertragungsverhältnis refers to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to the number of turns in the primary winding. This ratio dictates how the voltage and current are transformed. A higher secondary to primary turn ratio results in a step-up transformer, increasing voltage and decreasing current. Conversely, a lower ratio leads to a step-down transformer, decreasing voltage and increasing current. Mathematically, it is often expressed as Ns/Np, where Ns is the number of turns in the secondary winding and Np is the number of turns in the primary winding.

In mechanical systems, such as gearboxes, the Übertragungsverhältnis represents the ratio of the angular velocity or rotational speed of the output shaft to that of the input shaft. This ratio determines how the torque and speed are modified. For example, a higher gear ratio in a car's transmission means the engine turns more times for each rotation of the wheels, providing more torque for acceleration but at a lower speed. It can also be defined as the ratio of the number of teeth on the driven gear to the number of teeth on the driving gear. The Übertragungsverhältnis is a key parameter for analyzing and designing systems where power is transmitted and its characteristics need to be altered.