Örontrum

Örontrum is a Swedish term that translates to "ear drum" in English, commonly known as the tympanic membrane. It is a thin, semi-transparent membrane located at the end of the outer ear canal, serving as a critical component of the auditory system. The primary function of the örontrum is to vibrate in response to sound waves arriving from the environment, transmitting these vibrations to the ossicles in the middle ear for further processing.

Structurally, the örontrum is approximately 9-10 millimeters in diameter and has a conical shape. It consists of three layers: an outer cutaneous layer, a middle fibrous layer, and an inner mucosal layer. Its thin, flexible nature allows it to efficiently convert acoustic energy into mechanical vibrations, playing a vital role in sound perception.

The health of the örontrum is essential for normal hearing. Conditions such as otitis media (middle ear infection), perforation, or other injuries can impair its function, leading to hearing loss or discomfort. Otoscopic examination is commonly used for diagnosis and assessment of its condition.

The tympanic membrane also serves as a barrier protecting the middle and inner ear from foreign objects, pathogens, and water entry. It is sensitive to changes in pressure, which is why sudden altitude shifts or rapid pressure changes can cause discomfort or pain in the ear.

In summary, the örontrum is an essential organ in the auditory process, translating sound waves into mechanical signals that are processed by subsequent parts of the ear and brain to produce the perception of sound.