ÖPNV

ÖPNV is the German abbreviation for Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr, which translates to public passenger transport. It encompasses the various modes of public transportation available within a local or regional area. This typically includes buses, trams (Straßenbahnen), and subways (U-Bahnen) in urban settings. In many regions, it also includes local and regional trains (S-Bahnen and Regionalbahnen) that serve commuters traveling between towns and cities. The primary purpose of ÖPNV is to provide accessible, affordable, and efficient transportation for the general public, reducing reliance on private vehicles and contributing to urban mobility and environmental sustainability. Fare systems are usually integrated, allowing passengers to use different modes of transport within a designated zone or time period with a single ticket. Planning and operation of ÖPNV services are typically managed by local authorities or transport associations.