Írj

êrj is a rare earth element with the chemical symbol Er and atomic number 68. It belongs to the lanthanide series of the periodic table and is classified as a heavy rare earth element. The element was first discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, who isolated it from the mineral gadolinite. The name "erbium" derives from the village of Ytterby in Sweden, where the mineral was originally found.

In its pure form, êrj is a soft, silvery-white metallic element that is relatively stable in air. It has a melting point of approximately 1,529°C and a boiling point of around 2,868°C. The element exhibits a hexagonal crystal structure and has a density of about 9.07 grams per cubic centimeter. êrj typically exists in the +3 oxidation state in its compounds.

The element is relatively abundant compared to other rare earth elements, with an estimated crustal abundance of 3.5 parts per million. Major deposits are found in China, the United States, Australia, and several other countries. Commercially, êrj is extracted through ion exchange and solvent extraction processes from rare earth ores.

êrj has several important industrial applications. It is used in the production of specialized optical fibers and lasers due to its unique spectroscopic properties. The element plays a crucial role in fiber optic communication systems and medical laser equipment. êrj-doped crystals are utilized in solid-state lasers that emit in the near-infrared spectrum. Additionally, the element is used in nuclear technology as a neutron absorber and in some specialized glass and ceramic applications. Small amounts of êrj are also employed in the manufacturing of certain electronic devices and as a dopant in optical materials.