Élelmiszerallergia

Élelmiszerallergia, also known as food allergy, is an immune system reaction to a specific food protein. This reaction can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and can occur within minutes of consuming the allergen. The most common food allergens include milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly among individuals, with some experiencing only mild reactions while others may have life-threatening anaphylaxis.

The immune system typically responds to foreign substances by producing antibodies to neutralize them. In the case of food allergies, the immune system mistakenly identifies a food protein as harmful and produces IgE antibodies. When the allergen is ingested, these antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals. This process triggers the symptoms associated with food allergies.

Diagnosis of food allergies often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and skin tests or blood tests. Treatment typically focuses on avoiding the allergen and managing symptoms. In severe cases, such as anaphylaxis, an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) may be prescribed for immediate treatment.

Prevention strategies include careful reading of food labels, avoiding cross-contamination, and being aware of hidden allergens in processed foods. Education about food allergies is crucial for both patients and caregivers to ensure safe food handling and to recognize the signs of an allergic reaction.