zöldhályog

Zöldhályog, also known as glaucoma, is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. This nerve is essential for good vision and connects the eye to the brain. Glaucoma is typically caused by an abnormally high pressure inside the eye. This pressure, called intraocular pressure (IOP), is caused by a buildup of fluid that the eye produces and drains. When the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked, the fluid builds up, increasing the IOP. This increased pressure can damage the optic nerve fibers.

There are several types of glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form and develops slowly, often without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Angle-closure glaucoma is less common but can cause a sudden and severe increase in eye pressure, leading to intense eye pain, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and halos around lights. Other less common types include normal-tension glaucoma, where the optic nerve is damaged even though eye pressure is within the normal range, and congenital glaucoma, which is present at birth.

Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss. Regular eye exams are the best way to detect glaucoma. Treatment typically involves medications, such as eye drops, to lower eye pressure. In some cases, laser therapy or surgery may be recommended to improve fluid drainage from the eye. While glaucoma can cause irreversible vision loss, proper management can help slow its progression and preserve remaining vision.