zárolás

Zárolás is a legal and administrative measure in which access to funds, assets, or property is temporarily restricted by a competent authority. It is used to prevent the dissipation of assets, preserve evidence, or secure the enforceability of later judicial or administrative decisions. The measure can affect bank accounts, securities, real estate, vehicles, and other items under the control of the owner or third parties.

The authority that orders zárolás may be a court, prosecutor, or a supervisory or tax authority, depending on the applicable law and the context (criminal investigation, civil procedure, financial regulation, or tax enforcement). The order specifies the scope (which assets are blocked), the duration, and the grounds for the restriction. In many cases the owner is notified and may challenge the measure before a court or seek a temporary or permanent modification. The period can be limited, with possible extensions if justified by ongoing proceedings.

Zárolás is typically temporary and distinct from confiscation (elkobzás), which is a permanent transfer of property rights following a decision. The goal is to ensure that assets cannot be hidden or spent before the case concludes. In banking and financial contexts, it is commonly used under anti-money laundering rules, during investigations, or to secure the payment of claims or judgments. The measure must be proportionate, respect due process, and can be subject to remedies or appeals if misapplied.