zvlátními

Zvlátními is a Czech word that functions as the instrumental plural form of the adjective zvláštní, meaning special or particular. It is used when the adjective modifies a plural noun in the instrumental case, typically after the preposition s (with) or in phrases that require instrumental case.

In Czech, adjectives decline to agree with the gender and number of the noun they modify. The instrumental plural ending for many adjectives is typically -ými, and for zvláštní this yields zvláštními. Therefore, zvláštními appears before plural nouns in instrumental context, for example: s zvláštními okolnostmi (with special circumstances) or s zvláštními lidmi (with special people). The form is not a stand-alone verb or noun; it is a grammatical inflection used to express manner, characteristics, or conditions in instrumental construction.

Common usages include describing circumstances, requirements, or attributes that are not typical or ordinary. Phrases like zvláštními požadavky (special requirements) or zvláštními pravidly (special rules) illustrate how the form conveys distinct or exceptional qualities in relation to the noun it accompanies.

Etymologically, zvláštní derives from the Czech adverb zvlášť, meaning separately or particularly, with the suffix -ní/ní used to form adjectives. The instrumental plural form zvláštními reflects standard Czech adjective agreement rules for plural nouns in that case.

See also: Czech grammar, adjectives, instrumental case, prepositions in Czech.