zmienna

Zmienna is the Polish term for the concept of a variable, a value that can change. In mathematics, a variable denotes a quantity that may take on different values. In computing and data analysis, variables are named entities that store values used by programs or models.

In mathematics, variables serve as placeholders in expressions and equations. An independent variable is the input that can be varied; a dependent variable is the output determined by its relation to the independent variable. Variables can be real, complex, or vector quantities, and in many contexts parameters are treated as constants within a given setup.

In statistics and data analysis, variables represent observable properties. They are classified by type: qualitative (categorical) and quantitative (numerical), with further subdivisions by measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). Variables are the fundamental units of data collection and analysis, enabling comparisons, correlations, and inference.

In programming languages, a variable is a named storage location that holds a value. Variables have properties such as mutability, scope (local or global), and lifetime. Types may be static or dynamic, and some languages support type inference. Variables are updated during program execution and can influence control flow and state.

The term derives from Latin variabilis and appears in many languages; in Polish the common word is zmienna. Across disciplines, the concept of a variable provides a flexible placeholder for data, parameters, measurements, or state, essential to modeling, computation, and analysis.