zijnworden

Zijnworden is a term found in a small portion of Dutch linguistic literature to describe the interaction between the verbs zijn (to be) and worden (to become) in Dutch sentence structure. The concept highlights how these two auxiliary or copular verbs participate in expressing voice, aspect, and change of state. It is not a universally standardized grammatical category, but it appears in descriptive and teaching contexts to discuss the relationship between being and becoming in Dutch syntax.

In the passive voice, worden functions as the auxiliary in present and past tenses: Het boek wordt gelezen (The book is being read) and Het boek werd gelezen (The book was read). For the perfect passive, the auxiliary is usually zijn: Het boek is gelezen (The book has been read). This distribution reflects a distinction between processive/passive aspect (with worden) and resultative or perfective passive (with zijn). Therefore, de combinatie van zijn and worden in discussion of Dutch grammar often centers on how voice and aspect are encoded.

Beyond passive constructions, worden also expresses change of state in intransitive or inchoative uses: Het wordt donker (It becomes dark), Het wordt bekend (It becomes known). In these contexts, worden signals a transition from one state to another, whereas zijn typically marks a static state or serves as a copula in descriptive sentences (Het huis is groot).

Because the term zijnworden is not a widely standardized label, it is mainly used in limited linguistic discussions and teaching materials to contrast the roles of zijn and worden in Dutch grammar. For established references, consult Dutch grammar handbooks that treat voice, aspect, and copular verbs.