zatvoren

Zatvoren is a common adjective and past participle in Croatian, Serbian, and Bosnian, meaning "closed" or "shut." It derives from the verb zatvoriti (to close) with the prefix za- and the root -tvor-, and the suffix -en marks it as a participial adjective in many South Slavic languages.

As an adjective, zatvoren describes something that has been closed or is in a closed state. It agrees with the noun in gender and number: masculine singular zatvoren; feminine singular zatvorena; neuter singular zatvoreno. Plural forms follow standard declension: zatvoreni (masc.), zatvorene (fem./neut. plural). In practice, you will hear sentences such as Prozor je zatvoren (The window is closed) and Vrata su zatvorena (The doors are closed). The term is also used in mathematical and logical contexts to denote a closed set or structure, e.g., zatvoren skup.

As a past participle of zatvoriti used in passive constructions, zatvoren forms the predicate in sentences describing a state resulting from closing. It can also appear in compound phrases such as "zatvoren krug" (a closed circle), "zatvoren sustav" (a closed system).

Limitations: The exact plural forms can vary by dialect; some forms may appear with slight variations in colloquial speech. The term is not typically used as a proper noun, and is most common in standard literary and technical language.

See also: zatvor, zatvoriti, zatvoren skup, closed set.