xliii

XLIII is the Roman numeral representation of the integer forty‑three. It is formed by combining the subtractive notation XL, which represents forty (one ten less than fifty), with the additive notation III, which represents three. The Roman numeral system, originating in ancient Rome, uses letters from the Latin alphabet to signify values; V for five, X for ten, L for fifty, and C for one hundred, among others. In this system, numbers are constructed by combining these symbols, with smaller values placed before larger values indicating subtraction.

The numeral XLIII appears in a variety of contexts where Roman numerals are employed: enumeration of chapters in books, stylized numbering on historic monuments, identification of sequences such as the 43rd edition of a publication, and in formal titles of battles or events (e.g., “Battle of XLIII”). In legal and academic documents, it is used for items that require a formal or historical naming convention. Although most numeric systems in everyday use have been supplanted by Arabic numerals, Roman numerals like XLIII remain popular for their aesthetic and traditional qualities in ceremonial or archival contexts. The simplicity of XLIII's construction also makes it a common example in educational materials discussing Roman numeral mechanics.