wycena

Wycena is the process of determining the monetary value of an asset, a business unit, or a liability. It is used in Poland for purposes such as sales negotiations, financing, accounting, taxation, litigation, and regulatory compliance. Valuation can cover tangible assets (real estate, equipment), financial assets, and intangible assets (patents, brands, goodwill), as well as entire enterprises.

Valuation relies on three broad approaches. The cost approach estimates value from the current replacement cost minus depreciation. The market approach derives value from prices paid for comparable assets or from market multiples. The income approach estimates value from expected future cash flows, using methods such as discounted cash flow or capitalization. Practitioners select and combine methods depending on asset type and data availability.

Valuations are typically performed by qualified valuers and guided by national standards, such as the Polish Valuation Standards. Reports document the purpose, data sources, chosen methods, calculations, and key assumptions, and include disclosures about uncertainties and limitations. Valuation practice emphasizes independence, transparency, and auditability, particularly for financial reporting, tax assessments, and disputes.

While helpful, a wycena is an estimate subject to data quality, market conditions, and methodological choices. Different approaches may yield different values, making the stated rationale and scope crucial for interpretation and use.