võõrliik

Võõrliik is the Estonian term for an alien species or non-native species. It refers to any organism that has been introduced to an area or ecosystem outside of its natural geographic range, either intentionally or unintentionally by human activity. These introductions can occur through various means, such as shipping, trade, pet ownership, or horticultural practices.

The ecological impact of võõrliik can be significant. Some alien species may become invasive, meaning they spread rapidly and cause harm to the native ecosystem. This harm can include outcompeting native species for resources like food and habitat, preying on native species, introducing new diseases or parasites, or altering the physical environment. Such impacts can lead to a decline in biodiversity and disrupt the natural functioning of the ecosystem.

However, not all võõrliik are detrimental. Some species may integrate into the ecosystem without causing significant negative effects, or they may even fill an empty ecological niche. The distinction between a mere alien species and an invasive alien species is crucial in conservation and environmental management. Efforts to manage or control invasive võõrliik are often undertaken to protect native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Understanding the pathways of introduction and the potential impacts of alien species is essential for preventing future introductions and mitigating existing problems.