vízszféra

A vízszféra, commonly translated as hydrosphere, refers to all the water on Earth. This encompasses water in all its states: liquid, solid, and gaseous. It is a crucial component of the Earth system, playing a vital role in regulating climate, supporting life, and shaping geological features. The vast majority of Earth's water, about 97.5%, is saltwater found in oceans. Only a small fraction, around 2.5%, is freshwater. Of this freshwater, a significant portion is locked up in glaciers and ice caps, making it largely inaccessible for direct human use. The remaining freshwater exists as groundwater, surface water (rivers, lakes, swamps), and atmospheric water (clouds, vapor). The hydrosphere is dynamic, constantly moving through the water cycle, a continuous process of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. This cycle redistributes water across the globe, influencing weather patterns and providing essential water resources. Human activities, such as pollution and overuse, can significantly impact the health and availability of the hydrosphere, highlighting the importance of sustainable water management.