väntmehhanism

Väntmehhanism, often translated as valve mechanism or valve train, refers to the system of components in an internal combustion engine responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. These valves are crucial for the engine's operation as they regulate the flow of the air-fuel mixture into the cylinders and the expulsion of exhaust gases.

The primary function of the väntmehhanism is to ensure precise timing of valve actuation relative to the piston's movement. This synchronization is essential for the engine to perform its four-stroke cycle: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. The system typically includes components such as camshafts, valves, valve springs, rocker arms, pushrods, and tappets or lifters, depending on the engine design.

The camshaft, driven by the crankshaft through a timing belt, chain, or gears, has lobes that push on other components to open the valves. When the lobe rotates away, a valve spring closes the valve. The specific design and configuration of the väntmehhanism significantly influence the engine's performance characteristics, including its power output, fuel efficiency, and emissions. Variations exist, such as overhead camshaft (OHC) designs where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head, and overhead valve (OHV) designs where it is in the engine block.