väikemolekul

Väikemolekul refers to a small molecule. In chemistry and pharmacology, this term is used to distinguish from macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, or carbohydrates. Small molecules are characterized by their low molecular weight, typically less than 900 Daltons. They possess the ability to traverse biological membranes and interact with specific cellular targets, making them important in drug discovery.

The development of drugs often focuses on small molecules due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties, such as oral bioavailability and tissue penetration. These molecules can be synthesized chemically, allowing for a wide range of structural modifications to optimize their efficacy and safety. Examples of well-known small molecule drugs include aspirin, penicillin, and statins.

In various fields, including medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, the study of small molecules is crucial. Researchers investigate their synthesis, properties, and interactions with biological systems. The identification and design of novel small molecules with therapeutic potential remains a significant area of research aimed at treating a variety of diseases. Their relatively simple structure compared to biological macromolecules also makes them valuable tools for understanding complex biological processes.