voedselbolus

A voedselbolus, often referred to as a bolus, is a compact mass of chewed food mixed with saliva that is ready to be swallowed. The process of forming a bolus begins in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. As food is broken down mechanically by the teeth, it is simultaneously moistened and lubricated by saliva, which is secreted by the salivary glands. Enzymes present in saliva, such as amylase, also begin the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates.

The tongue plays a crucial role in forming the bolus. It manipulates the food particles, mixing them thoroughly with saliva and shaping them into a rounded, cohesive mass. This shaping ensures that the bolus is easily transportable down the esophagus. Once formed, the tongue pushes the bolus towards the pharynx, initiating the swallowing reflex. The swallowing reflex is a complex, involuntary action that propels the bolus from the mouth, through the pharynx, and into the esophagus, preventing it from entering the trachea (windpipe). The size and consistency of the voedselbolus can vary depending on the type of food and the individual's chewing efficiency.