virkjunum

Virkjun is the Icelandic term for a facility that generates electricity, ranging from a single turbine to large complexes linked to the power grid. The word covers any installation that converts energy into electrical power, and in practice refers to both hydroelectric and geothermal plants in Iceland.

In Iceland, virkjun are predominantly hydroelectric and geothermal, reflecting the country’s abundant water resources and geothermal reservoirs. Hydroelectric plants use dammed rivers to provide controlled water flow to turbines, producing electricity. Geothermal plants tap steam or hot water from underground reservoirs to drive turbines. Both types feed electricity into the national transmission network and onward to consumers and industry.

Planning and operation are overseen by national authorities and the transmission operator. Licensing and environmental assessments are typically conducted by the appropriate regulatory bodies, with Landsnet responsible for the high-voltage grid infrastructure that distributes power to the national network and to industrial customers. Ongoing management includes monitoring environmental impacts, reservoir levels, and resource sustainability.

Environmental and social considerations are central to virkjun projects. Hydroelectric developments can affect river ecosystems, fisheries, and landscapes, while geothermal schemes require management of groundwater, brine, and surface temperature changes. Iceland emphasizes environmental safeguards, site restoration, and long-term resource stewardship, which helps keep emissions low compared with fossil-fuel plants.

Notable examples in Iceland include Hellisheiði and Nesjavellir, two large geothermal facilities, and hydro projects such as the Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project and facilities on Hvítá and other rivers. Together, virkjunum form the backbone of Iceland’s largely renewable electricity system.