viiteryhmien

Viiteryhmien is a Finnish term that translates to "reference groups." In sociology and psychology, a reference group is a social group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior. These groups can influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, aspirations, and actions.

People often identify with certain reference groups and may strive to conform to their norms and values. These groups can be primary, involving close, personal relationships like family or friends, or secondary, which are typically larger and more impersonal, such as professional organizations or political parties. The influence of a reference group can be informational, normative, or identificational. Informational influence comes from believing the group's attitudes or beliefs are correct. Normative influence arises from a desire to be rewarded or avoid punishment by conforming to group standards. Identificational influence occurs when individuals internalize the group's norms and values because they identify with the group.

The concept of reference groups helps explain social comparison, conformity, and social mobility. Individuals may use reference groups to assess their social standing, make decisions, or even adopt new behaviors. The specific reference groups that influence an individual can change over their lifetime depending on their social context, age, and life experiences. Understanding reference groups is crucial for analyzing social behavior and the dynamics of group influence.