veretüüpide

Veretüüpide refers to the classification of blood based on the antigenic properties of red blood cells. The most important systems are ABO and Rh(D). The ABO system defines four main groups: A, B, AB, and O, determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens. Individuals produce antibodies against the A or B antigens not present on their own cells, which can cause hemolytic reactions if incompatible blood is transfused.

The Rh system adds a second binary factor: Rh-positive or Rh-negative, determined by the presence of the D antigen. Rh incompatibility between a fetus and mother can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn; Rh immune prophylaxis reduces risk.

Blood typing is performed by serological methods or molecular typing. Before transfusion, patients undergo ABO and Rh typing and antibody screening, followed by crossmatching to ensure compatibility. While red cell transfusion compatibility follows ABO and Rh rules, plasma and platelet transfusion have different considerations.

Knowledge of veretüüpide is essential in medicine, transfusion services, organ transplantation, and obstetrics. Global distribution of ABO and Rh types varies by population. Karl Landsteiner first described the ABO system in 1901, laying the foundation for safe transfusion practice.