ventriküller

Ventriküller refers to the fluid-filled cavities within the brain and the chambers of the heart. In neuroanatomy, the brain contains four ventricles: the two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. These structures are interconnected and are responsible for producing, containing, and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF acts as a cushion, protecting the brain from injury, and plays a role in nutrient transport and waste removal. The lateral ventricles are the largest, located in each cerebral hemisphere. The third ventricle lies in the diencephalon, and the fourth ventricle is situated between the pons and cerebellum, connecting to the central canal of the spinal cord.

In cardiology, the ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. These chambers have thicker muscular walls than the atria, with the left ventricle having the thickest wall due to the higher pressure required to circulate blood throughout the systemic circulation. The contraction of the ventricles, known as systole, is a crucial part of the cardiac cycle, responsible for propelling blood into the pulmonary and systemic arteries.