vente

Vente is the act of selling and, in legal and commercial contexts, the contract by which the ownership of goods or property is transferred from a seller to a buyer in exchange for a price. The term is widely used in French-speaking jurisdictions and in civil-law systems to describe a binding transaction that sets the terms of transfer, delivery, and payment.

Etymology and scope: The word derives from Old French vente, from Latin vendere, meaning to sell. In everyday language it encompasses a wide range of transactions, from the sale of consumer goods to the sale of real estate, and it is often distinguished from other forms of transfer such as donation or lease.

Legal framework: A sale contract (contrat de vente) typically requires the consent of both parties, a determinable object that can be bought or sold, and a price. The contract may specify delivery terms, passing of risk, and the moment ownership transfers. In real estate, sales commonly involve formalities such as notarial deeds and titles. Consumer sales are usually subject to additional protections, warranties, and remedy rules. Common variations include vente au comptant (cash sale) and vente à crédit or à tempérament (credit or installment sale).

Economic and practical aspects: Sales are central to commerce, occurring through various channels including retail stores, wholesale markets, and online platforms. Pricing, discounts, and terms of delivery influence demand and competitiveness. Warranties, returns, and after-sales service are important components of the commercial framework surrounding vente.

International and terminology notes: In cross-border trade, the international sale of goods may be governed by conventions such as the CISG, alongside domestic laws. The French term vente translates to “sale” in English, and compounds like vente en ligne (online sale) or vente à distance (distance selling) describe specific sale forms.