ventanas

Ventanas are framed openings in the walls of buildings that are fitted with glass or other transparent materials to admit light and air while providing a view. They can help regulate indoor climate and daylight. The Spanish term ventana translates to window and derives from the Latin fenestra, meaning opening.

Construction and materials: Typical window frames are made from wood, aluminum, steel, or uPVC. Glass panes may be single, double, or triple glazed, sometimes with low-emissivity coatings or gas fills to improve insulation. Windows are usually equipped with sashes or panels that open, slide, or tilt, and may be accompanied by weatherstripping, shutters, or blinds.

Types: Casement windows are hinged on one side; sliding windows move horizontally or vertically; double-hung windows have two operable sashes; fixed or picture windows do not open; bay and bow windows project outward; skylights provide light from above; louvers or jalousies are used in some climates.

Design and function: Windows influence energy efficiency, daylight distribution, and acoustics. Modern practice emphasizes airtight construction, glazing with low U-values, argon/gas fills, and warm-edge spacers. Safety considerations include tempered or laminated glass in hazard-prone areas and egress requirements in bedrooms.

History and usage: Historically, windows began as small openings covered with skins or parchment and evolved with glassmaking techniques. In many regions, architectural styles and building codes shape window sizes, placements, and methods of opening. In contemporary architecture, windows are central to façade design and energy strategy.