velopharyngeale

Velopharyngeal is a term relating to the velopharyngeal port, which is the passage between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. This opening is controlled by the soft palate (velum) and the pharyngeal walls. During speech, the velopharyngeal port is typically closed for most sounds, particularly for non-nasal consonants and vowels. This closure prevents air from escaping through the nose, directing it out of the mouth, which is essential for producing clear oral speech sounds.

The function of the velopharyngeal mechanism is crucial for normal speech production. When the velopharyngeal port is open during non-nasal speech sounds, it results in velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), a condition that can lead to hypernasality (excessive resonance in the nasal cavity) and difficulties with articulation. Conversely, if the velopharyngeal port does not open adequately for nasal sounds, it can cause hyponasality (insufficient nasal resonance).

VPI can arise from various causes, including structural abnormalities of the palate or pharynx (such as a cleft palate), neurological conditions affecting muscle control, or even learned patterns of speech. Diagnosis often involves speech-language pathology assessments, including perceptual evaluation of speech and instrumental techniques like nasometry or videofluoroscopy. Treatment approaches depend on the underlying cause and severity of VPI and may include speech therapy, prosthetic devices, or surgical intervention.