vanaadiumVoksiidi

Vanadium(V) oxide, or vanadium pentoxide, is an inorganic compound with the formula V2O5. It is a yellow to orange-yellow solid and is the most stable oxide of vanadium. In its crystal form, alpha-V2O5, it adopts an orthorhombic structure composed of VO5 square pyramids linked by shared edges, forming a three-dimensional network with vanadium in the +5 oxidation state. The material is relatively insoluble in water but can form various polyvanadates in solution.

Production and occurrence: V2O5 is produced industrially by the oxidation of vanadium-containing ores and residues, or by roasting lower oxides in air to higher oxidation states, followed by purification to remove impurities. It is commonly obtained as a byproduct in mining and processing of vanadium-bearing minerals.

Applications: The primary application of vanadium pentoxide is as a catalyst in the contact process for sulfuric acid production, where it facilitates the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 on the surface of the catalyst. It is also used in selective oxidation reactions in organic synthesis and as a precursor for other vanadium compounds. In materials science, V2O5-based materials serve as cathodes in some lithium- and sodium-ion battery chemistries and in various electrochemical and optical applications. It is sometimes used as a pigment in ceramics and glass, due to its distinctive yellow color.

Properties and safety: V2O5 is a strong oxidizing agent and a Lewis acid; it can react with reducing agents and moisture to form vanadates. It is toxic if inhaled or ingested, and prolonged exposure can pose health risks. Proper handling, ventilation, and protective equipment are recommended, and waste should be managed as a hazardous material. Under reducing conditions, V2O5 can be converted to lower vanadium oxides such as VO2 or V2O3.