valiha

Valiha is a traditional Malagasy musical instrument from Madagascar. It is a tube zither built from a hollow bamboo tube that serves as a resonator. Strings run along the length of the tube, typically eight to twenty or more, and are plucked to produce melodies. The strings are tightened across the top of the tube by a simple bridge and can be made from metal wire or other materials. Some makers fashion a light fretted fingerboard or markers on the bamboo to guide pitch.

The instrument is played horizontally, resting on the player's lap or a stand. The player uses both hands to pluck, with the left hand typically pressing frets or positions on the bamboo to change pitch and the right hand plucking the strings. The tone is bright and ringing, often with a sustained drone that is characteristic of Malagasy music.

Valiha has a long history in Madagascar and is associated with many communities and occasions, from rural gatherings to urban performances. It figures prominently in traditional ensembles and in modern Malagasy music, and it is widely regarded as a symbol of Malagasy musical culture.

In recent decades the valiha has appeared in world music contexts and collaborations with other genres. Modern makers produce valiha in Madagascar and abroad, varying in size, number of strings, and construction. While traditional playing continues to be central, performers have adapted techniques and repertoires to new audiences.