vakuumförväntningsvärdet
vakuumförväntning is a term that can be translated from Swedish as "vacuum expectation." In physics, it refers to the average value of a quantum field in its lowest energy state, known as the vacuum state. Even in empty space, quantum fields are not truly empty but are filled with virtual particles that fluctuate in and out of existence. The vacuum expectation value quantifies the average effect of these fluctuations.
The concept of vacuum expectation value is crucial in quantum field theory, particularly in the Standard Model
The calculation of vacuum expectation values often involves complex mathematical techniques, including renormalization, to handle infinities