vahelduvvooluvõrgu

vahelduvvooluvõrgu refers to an alternating current electrical grid. In such a system, the direction of electric current reverses periodically, unlike direct current (DC) systems where the current flows in only one direction. This alternating nature is a key characteristic of modern power distribution networks worldwide.

The generation of AC power typically occurs in power plants using generators that produce a sinusoidal voltage and current waveform. This AC power is then stepped up to high voltages for efficient transmission over long distances. Before reaching homes and businesses, the voltage is stepped down to safer and more usable levels by transformers.

The primary advantage of AC over DC for widespread distribution is the ease with which its voltage can be transformed. Transformers, which are essential for stepping voltages up and down, are much simpler and more efficient for AC than for DC. This voltage transformation capability allows for high-voltage transmission with minimal energy loss and then reduction to lower voltages suitable for end-user appliances and equipment.

Common frequencies for AC power grids vary by region, with 50 Hz and 60 Hz being the most prevalent standards. The frequency dictates how many times per second the current reverses direction. This ubiquitous technology powers a vast array of devices, from lighting and heating to industrial machinery and consumer electronics.