vaccineresistant
Vaccineresistant is an adjective used to describe phenomena in which vaccine-induced protection is reduced or absent. It can refer to pathogens that evade immunity conferred by vaccines as well as to individuals or populations that fail to mount adequate immune responses. In practice, the term encompasses both vaccine escape by pathogens and host-related incomplete protection.
Pathogen-related vaccine resistance occurs through genetic variation that alters vaccine target antigens, enabling immune escape. Mechanisms
Non-responder or hypo-responder individuals are another source of reduced vaccine protection. Genetic factors, age, immunocompromising conditions,
Public health strategies to mitigate vaccine resistance include enhanced surveillance of circulating strains, periodic updating of