vX

VX is a highly toxic organophosphorus nerve agent developed in the United Kingdom in the 1950s. It is a colorless, odorless, oily liquid at room temperature with low volatility, which can persist on surfaces and skin for extended periods. The chemical name is O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate. VX acts by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, causing the accumulation of acetylcholine and leading to a cholinergic crisis that affects the nervous system, muscles, and respiration.

Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Symptoms include excessive salivation, tearing, urination, defecation, miosis, coughing, bronchospasm, muscle twitching, weakness, convulsions, and coma. Without rapid treatment, VX can be fatal. The agent is particularly dangerous because it can be absorbed through the skin and can contaminate surfaces for extended periods.

Medical management includes immediate decontamination, administration of atropine to block muscarinic effects, and pralidoxime to reactivate acetylcholinesterase, along with supportive care. There is no vaccine for VX exposure, and treatment requires specialized medical care.

VX is classified as a Schedule 1 chemical under the Chemical Weapons Convention, and possession, production, stockpiling, transfer, and use are prohibited and subject to international control. Several states have disclosed stockpiles and ongoing verification efforts aim to ensure compliance.