výrokov

In Czech and Slovak logic, výrokov refers to statements or propositions. The singular form is výrok; the plural form is výroky, and in genitive the form is výrokov. A výrok is a declarative sentence that expresses a proposition with a definite truth value, either true or false. Questions, commands, and exclamations do not express výrok in this sense.

Propositional logic, or výroková logika, studies how such statements combine to form more complex expressions. Atomic výrok are simple statements that cannot be broken down with logical connectives. Compound výroky are built from atomic ones using connectives such as negace (not), konjunkce (and), disjunkce (or), implikace (if... then), and ekvivalence (if and only if).

The truth value of a complex výrok is determined by the truth values of its parts, according to truth tables or semantic rules. A valuation assigns to each atomic výrok a truth value; the value of the whole expression follows from the connectives. Common notions include tautologies (true in every valuation), contradictions (false in every valuation), and contingent statements (truth value varies).

These concepts are used to model arguments, verify logical consequences, and design algorithms in computer science and formal disciplines. The Czech and Slovak terminology reflects a translation of the English terms proposition or statement.