välikappaleita

Välikappaleita are intermediary parts placed between two components to create the required gap, alignment, or load path in an assembly. The term covers elements such as spacers and shims used to fine-tune spacing, seating, and leveling. They are used wherever precise distances or alignment must be achieved without modifying the primary parts.

Common types include flat spacers, cylindrical sleeves, or ring-shaped shims, though the exact form depends on the application. Välikappaleita are made from various materials, including metal (such as steel or aluminum), plastics, or composites, chosen for stiffness, temperature resistance, electrical insulation, or corrosion resistance. The relevant dimensions—thickness, inner and outer diameters, and tolerances—are defined in design drawings and manufacturing instructions.

Applications span many industries: automotive and machinery assemblies, electronics enclosures, construction, and furniture assembly. When selecting välikappaleita, engineers consider fit tolerances, load transfer, torque, vibration, thermal expansion, and ease of installation. Proper installation requires clean, undamaged surfaces, correct orientation, and avoidance of over-tightening which can deform the spacer or bearing surfaces. Inadequate or incorrect spacers can lead to misalignment, uneven load distribution, or premature wear.

Etymology: väli means between and kappale means piece; the plural form is välikappaleita. The term is part of Finnish technical vocabulary and is used across engineering, manufacturing, and related disciplines.