utrzymywana

Utrzymywana is a Polish term used as the feminine singular past passive participle of the verb utrzymywać, meaning to maintain, keep, or support. In grammar it functions as an adjective or participle describing a noun that is kept in a certain state or condition, often by some agent or mechanism. Like other past passive participles of -ywać verbs, utrzymywana agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

The participle has several gendered forms: masculine singular utrzymywany, feminine singular utrzymywana, neuter singular utrzymywane, with corresponding plural forms. In use, it can appear before or after the noun it describes, and it can be part of a predicate construction, for example: Infrastruktura utrzymywana jest w dobrym stanie. The form is common in formal, technical, and descriptive writing.

Examples of usage include describing objects, systems, or reputations that are kept in a particular condition. For instance: Utrzymywana infrastruktura wymaga regularnych inwestycji. Utrzymywana reputacja firmy pomaga w pozyskiwaniu klientów. Sprzęt utrzymywany w dobrym stanie jest bezpieczniejszy. These phrases illustrate how utrzymywana marks a state resulting from ongoing care, maintenance, or support.

Etymology and related terms: utrzymywana derives from the verb utrzymywać and the participial suffixes that form adjectives from verbs. Related words include utrzymanie (maintenance), utrzymywanie (the act of maintaining), and the related participles utrzymywany (masc. sg) and utrzymywane (neut./plural). See also: utrzymanie, utrzymywanie, utrzymywany.

Note: The form and exact endings depend on grammatical agreement with the noun it modifies.