utbyggd

Utbyggd is a Swedish adjective formed as the past participle of the verb utbygga, meaning to expand, develop, or extend a project, area, or infrastructure. It describes something that has been extended beyond its original scope. The related noun utbyggnad refers to the process or result of expansion.

Etymology and form: The word combines the prefix ut- with bygga (to build) and the participle suffix -d. In Swedish, adjectives derived from participles reflect agreement with the noun they modify, and forms can vary (such as utbyggd, utbyggt, or utbyggda) depending on gender and number of the noun.

Usage: The term is commonly used in urban planning, architecture, and historical descriptions to indicate that infrastructure, housing, or facilities have been extended or developed. It appears in planning documents, news reporting, and academic writing when discussing expanded rail networks, roads, water and sewer systems, or housing developments.

Nuance and related terms: Utbyggd contrasts with utbyggnad, which denotes the process or act of expansion, rather than the resulting state. Both terms are widely used to discuss changes in municipalities, regions, and nations that have undergone development or enlargement. Cognates exist in other Nordic languages, such as Danish udbygget and Norwegian utbygd, reflecting a common regional concept of expansion.

See also: utbyggnad; urban planning; infrastructure; regional development.