uropygialkjertelen

The uropygial gland, also known as the preen gland or oil gland, is an important avian anatomical feature. It is a bilobed gland located on the dorsal side of a bird's body, just anterior to the tailbone. Its primary function is to produce an oily secretion that a bird spreads over its feathers during preening. This secretion is a complex mixture of lipids, fatty acids, and alcohols.

The secretion from the uropygial gland serves several vital purposes. It helps to waterproof the feathers, preventing them from becoming waterlogged and heavy, which is crucial for flight and thermoregulation. The oil also aids in maintaining the feathers' flexibility and integrity, preventing them from becoming brittle and breaking. Furthermore, the secretion is believed to have antimicrobial properties, helping to keep the feathers clean and free from parasites. Some research also suggests that the gland's secretion may play a role in communication, with different scent profiles potentially conveying information about an individual bird's health or reproductive status. The size and prominence of the uropygial gland can vary significantly among different bird species, correlating with their habitat and lifestyle. For instance, aquatic birds often have larger and more active preen glands.