urodynamické

Urodynamics, or urodynamic testing, refers to the study of the storage and flow of urine and the pressures within the lower urinary tract. The term uro dynamically is used in various languages, with uro- (urine) and dynamic (function) reflecting the focus on urinary tract function. Urodynamics integrates measurements of bladder sensation, detrusor activity, urethral resistance, and sphincter function to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction.

Common tests include uroflowmetry (measurement of urine flow rate), filling cystometry (cystometric testing during bladder filling to assess sensation, capacity, compliance, and detrusor activity), and pressure–flow studies (correlating detrusor pressure with urine flow during voiding). Videourodynamics combines radiographic imaging with pressure tracing to visualize bladder and urethral behavior during filling and voiding. Electromyography of the pelvic floor and external sphincter, as well as post-void residual assessment via ultrasound or catheterization, are used in selected cases. Tests are typically performed in a controlled clinical setting and may involve catheters; they are usually noninvasive or minimally invasive.

Indications include urinary incontinence, urgency or voiding symptoms, urinary retention, and the assessment of neurogenic bladder or prior urological surgery. Results help diagnose detrusor overactivity, detrusor underactivity, reduced bladder compliance, and detrusor–sphincter dyssynergia, among others. Interpretation requires clinical context and expertise, as findings can vary with technique, patient effort, and bladder filling status.

Urodynamic testing is generally safe but may cause temporary discomfort, infection, or transient urinary retention. It is performed by trained urologists or urodynamic technicians and is one component of a comprehensive evaluation of lower urinary tract disorders.