urodilatins

Urodilatin is a natriuretic peptide hormone produced primarily in the renal tubules of the kidney. It is structurally similar to other natriuretic peptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Urodilatin is synthesized as a precursor molecule, pro-urodilatin, which is then cleaved to yield the active hormone. Its main site of synthesis is the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, which are key regions for regulating water and electrolyte balance.

The primary function of urodilatin is to promote natriuresis (excretion of sodium) and diuresis (excretion of water). It acts on the kidney to increase sodium and water excretion, thereby reducing blood volume and blood pressure. This effect is mediated by binding to specific natriuretic peptide receptors in the kidney, leading to increased glomerular filtration rate and decreased sodium reabsorption. Urodilatin is thought to play a crucial role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, particularly under conditions of increased sodium intake or expansion of extracellular fluid volume.

While ANP and BNP are released into the circulation in response to atrial or ventricular stretch respectively, urodilatin appears to act locally within the kidney. Its production and release are regulated by factors such as sodium load and blood pressure. Research into urodilatin's therapeutic potential is ongoing, with investigations exploring its use in managing conditions like heart failure and hypertension due to its vasodilatory and natriuretic properties.