ujat

Ujat, also known as the Book of Thoth or the Book of Wisdom, is a collection of ancient Egyptian texts that describe magical spells, rituals, and hymns. These texts are primarily concerned with the god Thoth, the deity of wisdom, writing, magic, and the moon. Ujat literature is believed to have originated in the late Old Kingdom or First Intermediate Period, with the oldest surviving fragments dating to the New Kingdom.

The content of Ujat texts varies, but they often feature incantations to protect against evil, ensure good health, or achieve specific desires. These spells are typically directed towards Thoth, invoking his power and knowledge. The texts also contain hymns and prayers that praise Thoth's attributes and divine role in the cosmos. Some Ujat texts include cosmological myths and theological discussions, offering insights into ancient Egyptian beliefs about creation and the divine order.

Ujat texts were not only used for magical purposes but also served an important role in religious and funerary practices. They were inscribed on tomb walls, sarcophagi, and papyri to assist the deceased in the afterlife. The knowledge and magical power attributed to Thoth, as conveyed through the Ujat, were considered essential for navigating the challenges of the underworld and achieving rebirth. The study of Ujat literature provides valuable information about ancient Egyptian religious thought, magical practices, and their understanding of the divine.