ující

Úující is a Czech suffix used to form the present active participle from verb stems. The resulting participles function as adjectives or adverbial modifiers and denote an action that is taking place concurrently with the main clause. Commonly seen forms include structures such as jdoucí (going), mlouvící (speaking), or přicházející (coming). The exact spelling of the final part of the participle depends on the verb stem, yielding variants like -oucí, -ující, -ící or -ající.

Morphology and usage: Present active participles formed with -ující attach to the verb stem and then decline like adjectives. They agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. For example, in masculine singular you might hear or see jdoucí muž (the man who is going), while so‑named forms adapt for feminine and neuter and for plural nouns as well. These participles can be used attributively (before or after a noun) or predicatively (in a compound or simple predicate).

Function and style: The -ující participle conveys simultaneity of the action relative to the main clause and can be used to create compact, descriptive phrases or to form participial clauses. In contemporary Czech, such constructions appear more often in written and formal styles; in everyday speech speakers frequently prefer relative clauses (that are) going instead of concise participial phrases. The suffix thus plays a central role in Czech participle morphology and in the broader system of adjectival modification.

See also: Czech grammar; participles; adjective formation.