tvingat

Tvingat is the supine form of the Swedish verb tvinga, meaning to force or compel. It is used as the past participle in active voice to form perfect tenses with auxiliary verbs, most commonly har and hade. For example, Jag har tvingat honom att skriva under avtalet, and Situationen har tvingat dem att flytta. In the compound verb phrase tvinga fram, tvingat has the sense of forcing something to happen or eliciting a response, as in Det har tvingat fram en förändring.

The participle tvingat should not be confused with tvingad, which is the adjectival or passive past participle meaning “forced” and is used in phrases like Han var tvingad att lämna rummet. The standard passive voice uses tvingas (present) and tvingades (past); tvingat remains primarily a form used in perfect tenses in active voice.

Etymology: tvinga derives from Old Norse þvinga, related to other Germanic forms meaning to press or compel; the lineage traces back to Proto-Germanic roots. In contemporary Swedish, tvingat is the regular supine form formed from the infinitive.

Usage notes: tvingat often conveys external pressure or coercion by a person, institution, or circumstance, and is common in formal or journalistic writing. It appears in legal, political, or organizational contexts to describe actions taken under coercion or necessity.