turmaliin

Turmaliin is a complex borosilicate mineral group containing aluminum, iron, magnesium, lithium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and other elements. It is found in a wide variety of colors, making it a popular gemstone. The name "turmaliin" is derived from the ancient Sinhalese word "turmali," which means "mixed stone" or "sparkle." This name reflects the mineral's characteristic of displaying multiple colors, often within the same crystal.

The chemical composition of turmaliin is highly variable, leading to its diverse color palette. For instance, iron and titanium can produce blue and green colors, while manganese can create pink and red hues. Yellow and brown shades are often due to iron content. Black turmaliin, known as schorl, is the most common variety. Gem-quality turmaliin is found in many locations worldwide, including Brazil, Africa, Afghanistan, and the United States. It is used in jewelry, as well as in some industrial applications due to its piezoelectric properties.