tumbuh

Tumbuh is an Indonesian verb meaning to grow, sprout, or increase in size, maturity, or complexity. It can describe the physical growth of living beings such as people, animals, and plants, as well as the growth of non-biological things like economies, communities, or ideas. In daily use, tumbuh often appears with adjectives such as cepat (fast), pesat (rapid), or subur (lush).

In Indonesian, tumbuh is intransitive, often used without an object. For actions that cause growth, the causative form menumbuhkan is used, meaning to cause to grow or to cultivate. The passive form, ditumbuhkan, indicates that growth or sprouting has been brought about by someone or something. The noun related to growth is pertumbuhan. The word tumbuhan is another related noun meaning plants or vegetation, and tumbuh-tumbuhan is a common plural form referring to flora.

Usage notes: Indonesian does not change verb forms for tense; time expressions or auxiliary verbs indicate past, present, or future. Tumbuh also appears in various fixed expressions, such as tumbuh kembang (growth and development, especially of children), tumbuh subur (to grow vigorously), and tumbuh pesat (to grow rapidly).

Examples:

- Anak-anak tumbuh cepat. (Children grow quickly.)

- Petani menumbuhkan jagung di ladang. (Farmers cultivate corn in the field.)

- Biji-biji ditumbuhkan menjadi bibit. (The seeds are grown into seedlings.)

- Perhatian terhadap pendidikan penting untuk tumbuh kembang anak. (Attention to education is important for a child’s growth and development.)

See also pertumbuhan, tumbuhan, tumbuh-kembang, dan tanaman.