tulekindlus

Tulekindlus refers to a material's ability to resist ignition and to limit the spread of fire. It is a central concept in fire safety and is assessed for many products including construction materials, textiles, plastics and electrical components. A higher level of tulekindlus generally means a material will ignite later, burn more slowly, and contribute less to fire growth.

Assessment is done in standardized laboratory tests that simulate exposure to flame. Parameters such as time to ignition, rate of flame spread, heat release and smoke development are measured. Based on results, materials are classified or given fire resistance ratings. In construction, products may be categorized as non-combustible, limited combustible or combustible, and structural components may receive fire resistance ratings specified in minutes of fire exposure.

Europe-wide classification schemes (for example EN 13501-1 and its national adaptations) provide a common framework for comparing fire performance of construction products. National regulations may require certain tulekindlus levels for different building elements and applications. For textiles and consumer products, separate flammability standards apply.

Factors influencing tulekindlus include material composition, density, moisture, surface treatments and the presence of coatings or finishes. Real-world performance also depends on installation, joints and ventilation; a well-rated material can still fail to perform in a poorly managed fire scenario.

In Estonia and other EU countries, manufacturers typically declare fire performance in technical data sheets, and compliance is verified by certification bodies as part of product regulation.