tuberkuloositartunnan

Tuberkuloositartunta, or tuberculosis (TB) infection, is a condition caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. The infection can be classified into two main types: latent TB infection and active TB disease.

Latent TB infection occurs when a person's immune system is able to fight off the bacteria, preventing them from multiplying. In this state, the individual does not feel sick and cannot spread the disease to others. However, the bacteria remain alive in the body and can become active later if the immune system weakens. Active TB disease, on the other hand, happens when the bacteria multiply and cause symptoms such as cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. People with active TB can spread the disease to others through the air when they cough, sneeze, or spit.

TB is spread through the air when a person with active TB disease in their lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. People nearby can breathe in the bacteria and become infected. The risk of infection is higher in crowded and poorly ventilated spaces. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. In fact, about 2 billion people worldwide are thought to have latent TB infection, but only about 5-10% of them will develop active TB disease at some point in their lives.

Diagnosis of TB infection is typically done through a skin test or a blood test. For active TB disease, additional tests such as a chest X-ray, sputum test, or other diagnostic procedures may be required. Treatment for latent TB infection involves taking antibiotics to kill the bacteria and prevent the development of active TB disease. Active TB disease requires a longer course of antibiotics, usually for at least six months. It's crucial to complete the full course of treatment to ensure the bacteria are completely eliminated and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.