triptanen

Triptans are a class of drugs used to treat acute migraine and cluster headaches. They are selective agonists of the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D serotonin receptors. By activating these receptors, triptans cause vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels, which are thought to be abnormally dilated during a migraine attack. They also inhibit the release of neuropeptides from trigeminal nerve endings, further reducing inflammation and pain.

The first triptan, sumatriptan, was approved in 1991. Since then, several other triptans have been developed, including zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, and eletriptan. These medications are available in various formulations, such as oral tablets, nasal sprays, and self-injectable solutions, allowing for different routes of administration to suit individual needs and preferences.

Triptans are generally effective in relieving migraine pain and associated symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. They are most effective when taken at the first sign of a migraine. However, they are not preventative medications and are not intended for daily use.

Common side effects of triptans can include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, and a tingling or flushing sensation. More serious side effects, though rare, can include cardiovascular events such as heart attack or stroke. For this reason, triptans are contraindicated in individuals with certain cardiovascular conditions, uncontrolled hypertension, or a history of ischemic stroke. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if triptans are an appropriate treatment option.